Short Synopsis: Invisible fences *might* have contributed to unexpected aggressive response in five cases, given that all attacks occured at the boundary of the fence and most of the dogs were shocked during the attack.
Authors: Richard Polsky
Publication: Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, Volume 3, 2000 – Issue 4. Pages 345-357.
Publication Date: June 04, 2010
Applies To: Aggression, electric fences.
Limitations/Drawbacks: Only 5 dogs in study, very correlational, dogs were largely unneutered (non-representative sample).
Link:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/S15327604JAWS0304_6